Many children and young people experience differences in attention, activity and behaviour.
The information on this page gives some support strategies which may help at both home and school.
It is important to remember that every child’s needs are different, and it may be trial and error to find the strategies which work for your child. Strategies may also need to be put in place consistently across different settings (eg home and school) for a period of time before any difference is seen.
Thank you to Mindworks Surrey for some of the information on this page.
Many children find it difficult to focus and maintain their attention at times. Being able to pay attention varies depending on things such as anxiety, stress, quality of sleep, diet, life experiences, bereavement, trauma and neurodevelopment.
If your child is struggling with attention and concentration, here are support strategies to try.
Some children and young people can show increased levels of hyperactivity.
If this is the case for your child, we recommend trying the following.
Children and young people are naturally more impulsive than adults as their brains are still developing. Some children can display more impulsivity than others, which may mean they find it hard to take turns, think before acting or making decisions, and think about the result of their actions.
The following strategies may help.
Working memory means being able to keep in mind the information needed to complete a task, while you are doing the task. It’s an important part of learning and being able to follow instructions.
Some children struggle with working memory. Try the tips below to help.
Some children have a slower processing speed than others, this means it can take them longer to process information and carry out instructions.
They would benefit from:
Some children may need more support with staying organised.
You might find the following strategies helpful.
Always try to understand the reasons behind your child’s behaviour. Behaviour is a form of communication. Things like the sensory environment can increase distress and result in challenging behaviour for a child who is sensitive to noise. A child experiencing hidden anxiety may come across as defiant.
Children are not able to regulate themselves in the same way as adults - they are learning how to manage their emotions! When difficulties arise, try to discuss these openly and carefully with your child. Offer them choices and be flexible where you can. Describing their emotions, setting consistent boundaries and consequences, and talking through expected or consistent reactions can help.
It may be helpful to change the language you use when your child is stressed. Say their name first. Use ‘I’ language, for example “I can see that you are upset”. Give them time to process what you say. Repeat the sentence with the same words if you need to. Break down instructions into simple steps.
Confrontation is rarely helpful. If your child seems to be choosing not to comply on purpose, think about the reasons for this. If they are struggling to overcome the situation, a calm approach that offers choices, options and flexibility is often helpful.
Make sure you set clear and consistent boundaries for your child. Be clear about what behaviour is acceptable and what is not and help them to understand why.
Families Under Pressure provide evidence-based tips and advice to deal with challenging behaviour from researchers and NHS mental health experts.
Self-esteem is how we think and feel about ourselves. Children who struggle with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity are more likely to experience low self-esteem. This may be because they hear more negative messages about themselves and may be criticised more often.
Try the following strategies:
Good quality sleep is important for children’s growth and development. Some children find it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep at night. Encouraging good sleep hygiene and establishing a good sleep routine is important.
The Sleep Charity provides advice and support around sleep. They also have a Teen Sleep Hub for teenagers.
Alongside the other suggestions on this page, children struggling with inattention, hyperactivity or their behaviour may need their school environment to be adapted.
Schools can be a very difficult environment for children and young people with ADHD as they’re required to do all the things that they find difficult. They have to sit still for long periods of time, concentrate on tasks that might not interest them, keep quiet and not call out in class, remember equipment and organise themselves between various activities. If their behaviour isn’t understood in the context of ADHD, this can lead to them being seen as disruptive, which can have an impact on their peer relationships, their learning and their self-esteem.
Think about the following.
Books that you may also find helpful include:
Sensory processing difficulties can affect children with ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions.
Find out more about sensory processing
We also run free online workshops on sensory processing in young people.
There is an excellent guide called Making Sense of Your Sensory Behaviours produced by Falkirk Council (easily found by a google search of the title).
Difficulty listening to others, initiating conversations at appropriate times, frequently interrupting, missing social cues, withdrawing, and talking excessively can be more common in young people with ADHD.